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    • 专利摘要:
    ORGANIC WASTE TREATMENT The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of organic waste, which comprises the step of placing an organic waste, which the step of putting an organic waste in contact with one or more micro-organic hair at least three of the following species of microorganisms: microorganisms Bacillus sp., microorganisms Pseudomas sp., microorganisms Bifidobacterium sp, and microorganisms Lactobacillus sp., the contact being carried out in conditions to convert, at least partially , the organic residue in organic fertilizer.
    公开号:BR112012023753B1
    申请号:R112012023753-5
    申请日:2011-03-23
    公开日:2020-11-17
    发明作者:Chum Mok Puah；Eng Tong Sim；Siok Lui Chua
    申请人:Biomax Holdings Pte Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical Field
    [001] The present invention generally relates to a process for the treatment of organic residues. The present invention also relates to a composition, a system and a kit for the treatment of organic residues. Background of the Invention
    [002] Large quantities of organic residues are generated annually from agricultural plantations, animal farms, mills, food processing plants and industrial plants. The amount of organic residues generated has been increasing every year as the agri-food industries expand. Consequently, the disposal of these residues has been a major concern in recent years.
    [003] Conventional methods of disposing of organic waste are landfills and incineration. Landfills require large areas and are both unhygienic and unattractive. In addition, landfills create problems, such as the leaching of chemicals harmful to the soil or contamination of soil water, and even cause the loss of essential nutrients in the soil. Incineration is expensive, consumes a lot of energy and creates environmental problems. For example, Malaysia, which has more than 2.65 million hectares of oil palm plantations and which can generate 90% of the total biomass of waste annually in terms of the total materials harvested, has banned the burning of organic waste in the sky open to avoid air pollution. In the same vein, the European Union also imposed a general ban on landfill of organic waste in landfills in 2005.
    [004] The biological treatment of organic waste has been applied in an attempt to solve the problem of eliminating organic waste. The biological treatment of organic waste can convert organic waste into harmless and value-added products. Naturally occurring biological treatment methods use microorganisms to break down contaminated complex hydrocarbon waste into simpler, low-toxic, non-toxic waste through fermentation. Desirably, product residues from biological treatment methods are generally harmless and, therefore, there is usually no need for any post-treatment process, as well as storage or disposal. However, the natural composting of organic waste, such as agricultural waste and animal manure, can take up to six months to mature and reach a carbon to nitrogen ratio (C: N) that is suitable for use as a fertilizer and, generally, results in a product with relatively low NPK values (typically less than 2) and is therefore less useful and less valuable as an organic fertilizer.
    [005] There is a need to provide a process for the treatment of organic waste that overcomes, or at least improves, one or more of the disadvantages described above.
    [006] There is a need to provide an efficient, simple, effective and environment-friendly process for the treatment of organic waste to reduce the C: N ratio of organic waste and produce organic fertilizers of high NPK values. Summary of the invention
    [007] A process for the treatment of organic residues is disclosed, the process comprising the step of putting an organic residue in contact with at least one of the following microorganisms: microorganisms Bacillus sp., Microorganisms Pseudomonas sp . , microorganisms Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. microorganisms, in which the contact must be carried out in conditions that at least partially convert the organic weighing into organic fertilizer.
    [008] According to a first aspect, a process for the treatment of organic residues is provided, the process comprising the step of putting an organic residue in contact with one or more microorganisms of at least three of the species of the following microorganisms: Bacillus sp. microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. microorganisms, Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. microorganisms, the contact being made under conditions to convert, at least partially, the organic residue into organic fertilizer.
    [009] In some embodiments, the disclosed process comprises the step of putting an organic residue in contact with at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least at least nine or more of the following microorganisms: microorganisms Bacillus sp., microorganisms Pseudomonas sp., microorganisms Bifidobacterium sp. and microorganisms Lactobacillus sp ..
    [0010] In one embodiment, the disclosed process further comprises the step of contacting the organic residue with one or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of microorganisms Streptomyces sp. and Corynebacterium sp.
    [0011] In some modalities, the revealed process also comprises the step of contacting the organic residue with one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of micro- organisms Streptomyces sp. and Corynebacterium sp.
    [0012] In some modalities, a special mixture of microorganism species can be used to promote the conversion of organic residue into organic fertilizer. In addition, organic waste can be supplemented with additives and nutrients to further facilitate conversion.
    [0013] Advantageously, the process parameters and the set of microorganism species can be adapted for the treatment of different waste compositions. More advantageously, the personalized selection of process parameters and the set of microorganism species speeds up the treatment process to reduce the treatment time from several months to one to several days. Advantageously, the personalized selection of process parameters and the set of microorganism species speeds up the treatment process in such a way that the initial C: N ratio of organic waste can be substantially reduced to a range suitable for use as an organic fertilizer within one or several days.
    [0014] The use of at least one of the following microorganisms is also disclosed: microorganisms Bacillus sp., Microorganisms Pseudomonas sp., Microorganisms Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. for the treatment of organic waste to produce organic fertilizer, increase the value of an organic NPK fertilizer, increase the potassium value of an organic fertilizer, reduce the odor of an organic waste, prevent the loss of nutrients from organic waste or reduce the accumulation of residues.
    [0015] According to a second aspect, the use of one or more microorganisms from at least three of the species of the following microorganisms is provided: microorganisms Bacillus sp., Microorganisms Pseudomonas sp. , microorganisms Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. for the treatment of an organic waste to produce organic fertilizer, increase the NPK value of an organic fertilizer, increase the potassium value of an organic fertilizer, reduce the odor of an organic waste, prevent the loss of nutrients from organic waste or reduce the accumulation of residues.
    [0016] A composition for treating an organic residue is also disclosed, the composition comprising at least one of the following microorganisms: microorganisms Bacillus sp., Microorganisms Pseudomonas sp., Microorganisms Bifidobacterium sp. and microorganisms Lactobacillus sp ..
    [0017] According to a third aspect, a composition is provided for the treatment of an organic waste, the composition comprising one or more microorganisms from at least three of the following microorganism species: Bacillus microorganisms sp., microorganisms Pseudomonas sp., microorganisms Bifidobacterium sp. and microorganisms Lactobacillus sp ..
    [0018] In one embodiment, composition is a solution.
    [0019] In one embodiment, the composition is a powder.
    [0020] According to a fourth aspect, an organic fertilizer is provided which comprises an organic residue and a composition as defined above.
    [0021] A kit for use in the treatment of organic waste is also disclosed, the kit comprising: (a) a composition comprising at least one of Bacillus sp. Microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. Microorganisms, Bifidobacterium microorganisms sp. and Lactobacillus sp. and (b) instructions for contacting the composition with an organic matter capable of converting, at least partially, the organic residue into organic fertilizer.
    [0022] According to a fifth aspect, a kit is provided for use in the treatment of an organic waste, the kit comprising: (a) a composition comprising one or more microorganisms from at least three of the micro species -organisms to follow: microorganisms Bacillus sp., microorganisms Pseudomonas sp., microorganisms Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. and (b) instructions for contacting the composition with an organic residue capable of converting, at least partially, the organic residue into organic fertilizer.
    [0023] A system for the treatment of an organic waste is disclosed, comprising: (a) agitation means for mixing an organic waste and a composition as defined above in a treatment zone, wherein the agitation means comprise, at least at least, two arms located at different heights along the longitudinal axis of the treatment zone, and (b) heating means for heating organic waste; wherein the heating means is configured to heat the organic waste to decontaminate sequentially, and at least partially, to treat the organic waste.
    [0024] In one embodiment, at least two arms of the stirring means extend radially from the center of the treatment zone. Advantageously, the location of at least two arms of the stirring means at different heights along the longitudinal axis, and these extending radially from the center of the treatment zone, promote the mixing of the organic waste and the composition to improve the waste treatment organic. In particular, the location of at least two arms of the stirring means at different heights along the longitudinal axis of the treatment zone ensures that the organic residues and the composition as defined above, arranged at the bottom of the treatment zone are well, and quickly, mixed with the organic residue and composition as defined above arranged in the upper part of the treatment zone, and that the mixture can reach the desired temperature, moisture content and aeration levels. Definitions
    [0025] The following expressions and terms used in this document have the indicated meaning:
    [0026] The term "organic residue", as used herein, refers to substances containing carbon atoms that are of biological origin and that can be derived from living or primarily living organisms.
    [0027] The terms "treat", "treatment" and the grammatical variants thereof, when used here with reference to an organic residue, refer to the contact of the organic residue with a described composition, which results in the degradation or conversion of chemical compounds contained in the organic residue. For example, the treatment may involve the degradation of the chemical compounds in order to neutralize the odorous compounds contained therein and render the organic waste odorless or the conversion of the carbon compounds or the nitrogen fixation, in order to increase the level of nutrients in the waste organic. Degradation or conversion can, for example, be carried out by enzymes that are secreted by one or more microorganisms in the described composition. Examples of enzymes include, but are not limited to, cellulases, amylases, xylanases, galactanases, mannases, arabanases, β-1, 3-1, 4-glucanases, glucosidases, xylosidases, lipases, hemicellulases, pectinases, proteases, pectin esterases, and the like.
    [0028] The term "substantially" does not exclude "completely", for example, a composition that is "substantially free" of Y can be completely free of Y. Where necessary, the word "substantially" can be omitted from the definition of the invention .
    [0029] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprising" and "comprises", and grammatical variants thereof, are intended to represent an "openness" or an "inclusive" language, such that they include elements mentioned, but also allow the inclusion of additional elements not explicitly mentioned.
    [0030] As used herein, the term "about", in the context of the concentrations of the components of the formulations, typically means +/- 5% of the indicated value, more typically, +/- 4% of the indicated value, more typically + / - 3% of the indicated value, more typically, +/- 2% of the indicated value, even more typically +/- 1% of the indicated value and even more typically +/- 0.5% of the indicated value.
    [0031] Throughout this specification, certain modalities may be disclosed in a banner format. It should be understood that the description of the banner format is only for convenience and brevity, and should not be interpreted as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the published banners. Thus, the description of a range should be considered as having specifically revealed all possible sub-ranges, as well as the individual numerical values within that range. For example, the description of a range, such as from 1 to 6 should be considered as having specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 2 6, 3 to 6, etc., as well as the individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This applies regardless of the width of the range.
    [0032] Certain modalities can also be described in a broad and generic way in the present invention. Each of the more specific species and subgeneric groups that fall within the generic description are also part of the disclosure. This includes the generic description of the modalities with a negative condition or limitation removing any subject of the genre, regardless of whether the material withdrawn was or was not specifically recited in this specification. Disclosure of optional modalities
    [0033] Non-limiting examples of a process, composition, kit and system for treating organic waste will now be described.
    [0034] A process is provided for the treatment of organic waste, the process comprising the step of putting an organic waste in contact with one or more microorganisms selected from at least three of the following microorganism species : Bacillus sp. microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. microorganisms, Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. microorganisms, the contact being made under conditions to convert, at least partially, the organic waste into organic fertilizer.
    [0035] Organic waste that can be treated using the described process, composition, kit and system includes, but is not limited to, agricultural waste, food waste, organic waste, mill effluent, urban waste, sewage, sludge, animal waste and industrial waste. Examples of agricultural waste include, but are not limited to, waste oil from palm oil processing (EFB), palm iodine residue from decanter, olive pomace, corn cob, grain husk coffee, rice husk, rice straw, waste generated by the mushroom industry, palm foliage, palm stem, palm nut shell, palm fiber, farm effluents, slaughterhouse waste, flower cuttings, waste worn flowers, wheat straw, fruit residues and vegetable residues, and the like. Examples of animal waste include, but are not limited to, dead animals, animal feathers, animal parts (such as animal intestines) and animal manure, such as chicken manure, cow manure, goat manure, horse manure, manure of sheep and swine manure. Mill effluents can be, for example, palm oil mill effluent sludge (POME) and POME residual sludge.
    [0036] Organic waste to be treated in the revealed process can be selected based on criteria such as its availability due to, for example, geographical properties or seasonal variability, cost, product suitability, product demand and properties of the product, and so on. For example, in the palm oil producing regions, with around 8 million tons of waste from palm oil processing (EFB), they are generated annually and therefore provides an abundant source of organic waste that can be treated using the process described for converting EFB, at least partially, into useful organic fertilizer. Likewise, a typical food processing plant can generate between 1.5 to about 2 tonnes of sludge per day, while a poultry slaughterhouse can generate about 300 m3 / day of wastewater, which results in in abundant sources of organic waste for use in the disclosed process.
    [0037] Both a single type of organic waste can be used in the disclosed process and any combination of more than one type of organic waste can be used. For example, EFB can be used in conjunction with chicken manure or food waste can be used in conjunction with POME sludge. Other examples of combinations of organic waste include, but are not limited to, a combination of chicken manure with dead chickens, a combination of chicken manure with chicken feathers, a combination of EFB with chicken manure, a combination of EFB with chicken manure and POME and a combination of EFB and POME sludge.
    [0038] Organic residues can be pre-treated, before being used in the revealed process. For example, a solid organic waste is typically pre-processed to achieve the desired particle size. The particle size is an important parameter in determining the effectiveness of the treatment process. The size of the organic waste particles for use in the disclosed process is preferably from about 1 mm to about 20 mm, from about 2 mm to about 20 mm, from about 3 mm to about 20 mm, about 4 mm to about 20 mm, from about 5 mm to about 20 mm, from about 6 mm to about 20 mm, from about 7 mm to about 20 mm, from about 8 mm to about 20 mm, from about 9 mm to about 20 mm, from about 10 mm to about 20 mm, from about 11 mm to about 20 mm, from about 12 mm to about 20 mm, from about 13 mm to about 20 mm, from about 14 mm to about 20 mm, from about 15 mm to about 20 mm, from about 16 mm to about 20 mm, from about 17 mm to about 20 mm, from about 18 mm to about 20 mm, from about 1 mm to about 19 mm, from about 1 mm to about 18 mm, from about 1 mm to about 17 mm, from about 1 mm to about 16 mm, from about 1 mm to about 15 mm, from about 1 mm to about 14 mm, from about 1 mm to about 13 mm, from about 1 mm to about 12 mm, from about 1 mm to about 11 mm, from about 1 mm to about 10 mm, from about 1 mm to about 9 mm, from about 1 mm to about 8 mm, from about 1 mm to about 7 mm, from about 1 mm to about 6 mm, from about 1 mm about 5 mm or about 1 mm to about 4 mm or about 1 mm to about 3 mm. More preferably, the particle size of the organic residue is about 5 mm to about 10 mm.
    [0039] Likewise, a liquid organic waste, such as waste from food processing plants or slaughterhouses, can be pre-treated before being used in the disclosed process. Typically, the fatty and protein solids in such residues are separated by a dissolved air flotation tank (DAF), after which the food particles are diverted to a sludge tank leaving the liquid treated by the DAF to be pumped to a aeration tank for further processing. Sludge from the DAF tank, as well as solid materials, can be collected for use in the developed process.
    [0040] Another typical pre-process step is to regulate the moisture content of organic waste. This is because the moisture content of organic waste varies widely, depending on the source, and determines the availability of the residual material that can potentially be converted into organic fertilizers. Preferably, the initial moisture of the organic residue is about 25% (by weight) to about 70% (by weight). For example, the initial moisture of the organic matter can be from about 25% (by weight) to about 70% (by weight), about 25% (by weight) to about 60% (by weight), about 25% (by weight) to about 50% (by weight), about 25% (by weight) to about 40% (by weight), about 25% (by weight) to about 35% (by weight) ), about 25% (by weight) to about 30% (by weight), about 30% (by weight) to about 70% (by weight), about 40% (by weight) to about 70 % (by weight), about 50% (by weight) to about 70% (by weight), about 60% (by weight) to about 70% (by weight), about 65% (by weight) up to about 70% (by weight), about 30% (by weight) to about 65% (by weight), about 35% (by weight) to about 60-s (by weight), about 40 % (by weight) to about 55% (by weight) or about 45% (by weight) to about 50% (by weight). In one embodiment, the moisture content of the organic waste is from about 30% (by weight) to about 65% (by weight). In another embodiment, the moisture content of the organic waste is about 35% (by weight) to about 60% (by weight). In yet another embodiment, the moisture content of the organic waste is about 50% (by weight) to about 60% (by weight).
    [0041] When the moisture content of the organic waste is not within the preferred ranges, the moisture content of the organic waste can be adjusted so that it falls within the preferred ranges by means that are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, when the moisture content falls below the preferred ranges, the organic residue can be sprayed with water so that the moisture content is increased to a preferred level. On the contrary, when the moisture content is higher than that of the preferred ranges, a pre-drying can be applied to the organic residue to reduce the moisture content to the preferred level. Alternatively, the moisture content can be reduced by "mixing" the organic waste with other organic waste that is dry or has lower moisture content, such as rice husk, rice straw, sawdust, and the like, to achieve the desired moisture content level.
    [0042] Typically, the initial moisture content is maintained for at least about 4 hours to about 10 hours, at least about 5 hours to about 10 hours, at least about 6 hours to about 10 hours, at least at least about 7 hours to about 10 hours, at least about 8 hours to about 10 hours, at least about 9 hours to about 10 hours, at least about 4 hours to about 9 hours, at least least about 4 hours to about 8 hours, at least about 4 hours to about 7 hours, at least about 4 hours to about 6 hours, or at least about 4 hours to about 5 hours from start of the process. Thereafter, the moisture content is preferably reduced to about 10% (by weight) to about 22% (by weight), more preferably to about 13% (by weight) to about 21% (in weight) and more preferably at about 15% (by weight) to about 20% (by weight). For example, the moisture content can be reduced to about 10% (by weight) to about 21% (by weight), about 10% (by weight) to about 20% (by weight), about 10 % (by weight) to about 19% (by weight), about 10% (by weight) to about 18% (by weight), about 10% (by weight) to about 17% (by weight) , about 10% (by weight) to about 16% (by weight), about 10% (by weight) to about 15% (by weight), about 10% (by weight) to about 14% (by weight), about 10% (by weight) to about 13% (by weight), about 10% (by weight) to about 12% (by weight), about 10% (by weight) to about 11% (by weight), about 11% (by weight) to about 22% (by weight), about 12% (by weight) to about 22% (by weight), about 13% ( by weight) to about 22% (by weight), about 14% (by weight) to about 22% (by weight), about 15% (by weight) to about 22% (by weight), about from 16% (by weight) to about 22% (by weight), about 17% (by weight) to about 22% (by weight), about 18% (by weight) up to about 22% (by weight), about 19% (by weight) to about 22% (by weight), about 20% (by weight) to about 22% (by weight) or about 21% (by weight) to about 22% (by weight). Advantageously, the reduced moisture content promotes the efficient conversion of organic residues into organic fertilizers by microorganisms because some of the microorganisms are more effective in converting organic waste with reduced moisture content.
    [0043] Typically, the organic waste is also heated to about 80 ° C to about 175 ° C, from about 90 ° C to about 175 ° C, from about 100 ° C to about 175 ° C, from about 110 ° C to about 175 ° C, from about 120 ° C to about 175 ° C, from about 130 ° C to about 175 ° C, from about 140 ° C to about 175 ° C, from about 150 ° C to about 175 ° C, from about 160 ° C to about 175 ° C, from about 170 ° C to about 175 ° C, from about 80 ° C to about 170 ° C, from about 80 ° C to about 160 ° C, from about 80 ° C to about 150 ° C, from about 80 ° C to about 140 ° C, from about 80 ° C to about 130 ° C, about 80 ° C to about 120 ° C, about 80 ° C to about 110 ° C, about 80 ° C to about 100 ° C, about 80 ° C to about 90 ° C, from about 90 ° C to about 160 ° C, from about 100 ° C to about 150 ° C, from about 110 ° C to about 140 ° C or about 120 ° C to about 130 ° C to remove unwanted microorganisms, such as Shigella sp. and Salmonella sp. of organic waste before being used in the disclosed process. Such unwanted microorganisms are not only harmful to human manipulation of the process product, but can also interfere with the conversion carried out by the selected microorganisms, in the described composition.
    [0044] After the pre-heating treatment, the organic waste or the combination of more than one type of organic waste, can optionally be combined with other additives or nutrients to increase the conversion of the organic waste by microorganisms or to increase the level of nutrients in the organic fertilizer produced by the disclosed process. Such additives can be, for example, carbon sources, such as ash, sawdust, dry leaves, wood chips and the like.
    [0045] The organic waste, or mixture of organic waste, is generally cooled to about 35 ° C to about 75 ° C, from about 40 ° C to about 75 ° C, from about 45 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 50 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 55 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 60 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 65 ° C to about from 75 ° C, from about 70 ° C to about 75 ° C, from about 35 ° C to about 70 ° C, from about 35 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 35 ° C to about 60 ° C, about 35 ° C to about 55 ° C, about 35 ° C to about 50 ° C, about 35 ° C to about 45 ° C or about 35 ° C at about 40 ° C, before inoculation with the selected microorganisms. Preferably, the organic residue, or mixture of organic residues, is cooled from about 50 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 51 ° C to about 65 ° C, to about 52 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 53 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 54 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 55 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 56 ° C to about from 65 ° C, from about 57 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 58 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 59 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 60 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 61 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 62 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 63 ° C to about 65 ° C, about 64 ° C to about 65 ° C, from about 55 ° C to about 64 ° C, from about 55 ° C to about 63 ° C, from about 55 ° C to about 62 ° C, about from 55 ° C to about 61 ° C, from about 55 ° C to about 60 ° C, from about 55 ° C to about 59 ° C, from about 55 ° C to about 58 ° C, from about 55 ° C to about 57 ° C or from about 55 ° C to about 56 C. Since the organic waste or mixture of organic waste is inoculated With selected microorganisms, conditions within the treatment zone can be controlled and monitored so that conditions can be maintained at the optimum level necessary for the improved conversion of organic waste to organic fertilizer. Conditions to be monitored may include humidity, temperature, aeration, nutrient supply and pH. Optimal values for such conditions typically depend on the selection of microorganisms in the composition of the microorganism.
    [0046] In one embodiment, no pH control is applied and the process is allowed to proceed at the pH value of the organic waste used. Typically, the pH of the organic residue is about 3 to about 10, about 4 to about 10, about 5 to about 10, about 6 to about 10, about 7 to about 10, about from 8 to about 10, about 9 to about 10, about 3 to about 9, about 3 to about 8, about 3 to about 7, about 3 to about 6, about 3 at about 5 or about 3 to about 4. For example, the pH of EFB is about 6, the pH of citrus peel is about 4 and the pH of chicken manure is about 9.
    [0047] In another embodiment, the pH is controlled at values of about 3 to about 10, about 4 to about 10, about 5 to about 10, about 6 to about 10, about 7 to about 10, about 8 to about 10, about 9 to about 10, about 3 to about 9, about 3 to about 8, about 3 to about 7, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 5 or about 3 to about 4. pH control can be applied, for example, by adding an appropriate pH buffer, such as a phosphate buffer, an acetate buffer, buffer Tris and the like.
    [0048] The microorganisms useful in the described process are those that are capable of degrading carbon compounds or fixing nitrogen compounds. Advantageously, mixed cultures of the microorganisms are used to obtain a broad spectrum of degradation or fixation.
    [0049] In one embodiment, a composition is provided that comprises at least one of Bacillus sp. Microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. Microorganisms, Bifidobacterium sp. and microorganisms microorganisms Lactobacillus sp ..
    [0050] In another embodiment, a composition is provided that comprises one or more microorganisms selected from at least three of the following microorganism species: microorganisms Bacillus sp., Microorganisms Pseudomonas sp., microorganisms Bifidobacterium sp. and microorganisms microorganisms Lactobacillus sp ..
    [0051] In yet another embodiment, a composition is provided that comprises one or more microorganisms from each of the following microorganism species: microorganisms Bacillus sp., Microorganisms Pseudomonas sp., Microorganisms Bifidobacterium sp. and microorganisms microorganisms Lactobacillus sp ..
    [0052] The microorganisms Bacillus sp. they are preferably selected from the group consisting of Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphearieus and Bacillus licheniformis. The microorganisms Pseudomonas sp. are preferably selected from the group consisting of Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa, the Bifidobacterium sp. preferably being Bifidobacterium thermophilus and the microorganisms Lactobacillus sp. they are preferably selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus planatarum and Lactobacillus fermentus.
    [0053] The composition may further comprise one or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of microorganisms Streptomyces sp. and Corynebacterium sp. microorganisms. A Streptomyces sp. preferred is Streptomyces pactum, while a microorganism Corynebacterium sp. preferred is Corynebacterium striatum.
    [0054] The composition may comprise a single species of microorganisms, for example, one of the Bacillus sp. Microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. Microorganisms, Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillus sp. microorganisms, with one or both of the Streptomyces sp. or Corynebacterium sp. microorganisms. Alternatively, the composition may comprise more than one species of microorganisms selected from Bacillus sp. microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. microorganisms, Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. microorganisms, with one or both of the Streptomyces sp. or microorganisms Corynebacterium sp ..
    [0055] In another embodiment, the composition comprises at least two of the Bacillus sp. Microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. Microorganisms, Bifidobacterium sp. and microorganisms Lactobacillus sp ..
    [0056] In another embodiment, the composition comprises at least three of Bacillus sp. Microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. Microorganisms, Bifidobacterium sp. and microorganisms Lactobacillus sp ..
    [0057] In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises all four species of microorganisms: microorganisms Bacillus sp., Microorganisms Pseudomonas sp., Microorganisms Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. microorganisms, with a Streptomyces sp. or Corynebacterium sp. microorganisms. In a more preferred embodiment, the composition comprises all four species of microorganisms: Bacillus sp. microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. microorganisms, Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. microorganisms, with both microorganisms Streptomyces sp. or Corynebacterium sp. microorganisms. In a more preferred embodiment, the composition comprises Streptomyces pactum, Corynebacterium striatum, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphearieus, Bacillus licheniformes, Bicheniformes, alkalis thermophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus planatarum and Lactobacillus fermentus.
    [0058] In another embodiment, the composition comprises one, two, three, four or more microorganisms from the Bacillus sp. Microorganisms.
    [0059] In another embodiment, the composition comprises one, two, three, four or more microorganisms microorganisms Pseudomonas sp ..
    [0060] In one embodiment, the composition comprises one, two, three, four or more microorganisms from the Bifidobacterium sp. Microorganisms.
    [0061] In one embodiment, the composition comprises one, two, three, four or more microorganisms from the Lactobacillus sp. Microorganisms.
    [0062] In one embodiment, the composition comprises one, two, three, four or more microorganisms from the Streptomyces sp. Microorganisms.
    [0063] In one embodiment, the composition comprises one, two, three, four or more microorganisms from the Corynebacterium sp. Microorganisms.
    [0064] The selection of microorganisms can be dependent on the type of organic waste to be treated.
    [0065] The selected microorganisms can be combined with other additives to form the microorganism solution. The content of the microorganism microorganism solution can comprise about 5% (vol) to about 50% (vol) of microorganisms, from about 10% (by volume) to about 50% (vol) microorganisms, from about 15% (vol) to about 50% (vol) of microorganisms, from about 20% (vol) to about 50% (vol) of microorganisms, from about 25% (vol) to about 50% (vol) of microorganisms, from about 30% (vol) to about 50% (vol) of microorganisms, from about 35% (vol) to about 50% (vol) of microorganisms, from about 40% (vol) to about 50% (vol) of microorganisms, from about 45% (vol) to about 50% (vol) of microorganisms organisms, about 5% (vol) to about 40% (vol) of microorganisms, about 5% (vol) to about 30% (vol) of microorganisms, about 5% (vol) to about 20% (vol) of microorganisms or about 5% (vol) to about 15% (vol) of a culture of microorganisms in the microorganisms. In a preferred embodiment, the microorganism content of the microorganism solution comprises about 10% (vol) to approximately 20% (vol).
    [0066] The microorganism solution can also comprise additives and nutrients for the microorganisms, which are useful to promote the growth of the microorganisms and to increase their activity of degradation or nitrogen fixation in the organic residues so that thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the revealed process. Additives can include biological catalysts (such as oxygenases and monooxygenases), buffers (such as phosphate buffer), diluents and surfactants (for example, sorbitan, polysorbates, sorbitan esters and poloxamers). Examples of nutrients normally included in the microorganism solution to improve microbial growth and degradation activity include carbohydrates (such as glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose and starch), other carbon sources (such as mannitol, sorbitol and glycerol) , nitrogen sources (such as urea, ammonium salts, crude amino acids or proteins, yeast extract, peptone, casein hydrolyzates and rice bran extracts) and inorganic compounds (such as magnesium sulfate, sodium phosphate, phosphate potassium, sodium chloride, calcium chloride and ammonium nitrate).
    [0067] The microorganism solution is preferably kept cold under refrigeration until just before application to the organic waste. In some embodiments, the microorganism solution can be kept at room temperature (ie, around 25 ° C) for up to about 4 hours.
    [0068] Alternatively, microorganisms can be recovered by centrifugation, mixed with a protective agent or fillers, such as calcium carbonate, corn grain, corn flour, fat-free rice bran, wheat bran, powder skimmed milk and the like and then vacuum freeze dried. The powder resulting from the microorganisms can be resuspended, mixed or dissolved in a suitable solvent before use. Advantageously, the powder form of dry microorganisms is more stable and can withstand long periods of storage and facilitates handling and transport. The microorganism powder can also be transformed into pellets or granules.
    [0069] The microorganism powder can contain from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 14 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 13 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, of about from 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 12 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 11 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 10 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 9 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 8 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 7 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 6 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 5 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder at about 4 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder at about 3 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 1 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 2 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 2 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 1010 micro - viable organisms per gram of powder, from about 3 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 1010 micro-or viable organisms per gram of powder, from about 4 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 5 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 6 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 7 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 8 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 9 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 10 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 11 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 101 0 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 12 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 15 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, from about 13 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder at about 15 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder, or from about 14 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder at about 15 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder. In one embodiment, the microorganism powder contains from about 2 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder to about 6 x 1010 viable microorganisms per gram of powder.
    [0070] After application to the organic waste, the mixture of organic waste and microorganisms is treated for about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours, about 1 hour to about 4 hours, about 1.5 hours up to about 4 hours, about 2 hours to about 4 hours, about 2.5 hours to about 4 hours, about 3 hours to about 4 hours, about 3.5 hours to about 4 hours, about from 0.5 hour to about 3.5 hours, about 0.5 hour to about 3 hours, about 0.5 hour to about 2.5 hours, about 0.5 hour to about 2 hours , about 0.5 hour to about 1.5 hour, or about 0.5 hour to about 1 hour. In one embodiment, the mixture is treated for about 2 hours.
    [0071] The process may also comprise a step of aerating the organic waste, for example, by pumping air from air compressors during treatment. Air can be supplied continuously during treatment or it can be supplied periodically according to a predetermined regimen. For example, air can be pumped, for about 10 minutes to about 30 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 20 minutes, about 10 to about 15 minutes, about 15 minutes to about 30 minutes, or about 20 minutes to about 30 minutes, stopped for about 10 minutes to 30 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 20 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 15 minutes, about 15 minutes to about 30 minutes, or about 20 to about 30 minutes and pumped again for about 10 minutes to about 30 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 20 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 15 minutes, about 15 minutes to about 30 minutes or about 20 to about 30 minutes. In one embodiment, the air is pumped for about 10 minutes, stopped for about 20 minutes and pumped again for about 10 minutes.
    [0072] The process can be allowed to run for a period of time until the level of the compounds to be degraded or converted reaches the target level. For example, the process can be allowed to continue until the NPK value reaches the target level of about 5 to about 12, about 6 to about 12, about 7 to about 12, about 8 to about 12 , about 9 to about 12, about 10 to about 12, about 11 to about 12, about 5 to about 11, about 5 to about 10, about 5 to about 9, about 5 to about 8, about 5 to about 7 or about 5 to about 6. Advantageously, a higher NPK value results in a more effective fertilizer, as less fertilizer is required to be used to promote plant growth compared to a fertilizer having a lower NPK value. An organic fertilizer with a higher NPK value is therefore more profitable than an organic fertilizer with a lower NPK value.
    [0073] Alternatively or simultaneously, the process can be allowed to continue until the C: N ratio of the organic waste is reduced to a set suitable for use as an organic fertilizer. Prior to conversion to fertilizer, the C: N ratio of organic waste is typically high and unsuitable for use as a fertilizer to promote plant growth. As the conversion process reaches maturity, the C: N ratio can be reduced from about 80: 1 to about 20: 1, depending on the organic waste used as a raw material. Preferably, the C: N ratio is reduced to a range of about 5: 1 to about 30: 1, about 6: 1 to about 30: 1, about 7: 1 to about 30: 1, about 8: 1 to about 30: 1, 9: 1 to about 30: 1, about 10: 1 to about 30: 1, about 11: 1 to about 30: 1, about 12: 1 to about 30: 1, about 13: 1 to about 30: 1, about 14: 1 to about 30: 1, about 15: 1 to about 30: 1, about 16: 1 to about 30: 1, about 17:01 to about 30: 1, about 18:01 to about 30: 1, about 19: 1 to about 30: 1, about 20: 1 to about 30: 1, about 21:01 to about 30: 1, about 22:01 to about 30: 1, about 23:01 to about 30: 1, about 24: 1 to about 30: 1, about 25: 1 to about 30: 1, about 26: 1 to about 30: 1, about 27: 1 to about 30: 1, about 28: 1 to about 30: 1, about 29: 1 to about 30: 1, about 5: 1 to about 29: 1, about 5: 1 to about 28: 1, about 5: 1 to about 27: 1, about 5: 1 to about 26: 1, about 5: 1 to about 25: 1, about 5: 1 to about 24: 1, about 5: 1 to about 23: 1, about 5: 1 to about 22: 1, about 5: 1 to about 21: 1, about 5: 1 to about 20: 1, about 5: 1 to about 19: 1, about 5: 1 to about 18: 1, about 5: 1 to about 17: 1, about 5: 1 to about 16: 1, about 5: 1 to about 15: 1, about 5: 1 to about 14: 1, about 5: 1 to about 13: 1, about 5: 1 to about 12: 1, about 5: 1 to about 11: 1, about 5: 1 to about 10: 1, about 5: 1 to about 9: 1, about 5: 1 to about 8: 1, about 5: 1 to about 7: 1, about 5: 1 to about 6: 1, about 10: 1 to about 25: 1, about 10: 1 to about 20: 1, about 10: 1 to about 15: 1, about 15: 1 to about 25: 1, about 15: 1 to about 20: 1 or about 20: 1 to about 25: 1. In one embodiment, the C: N ratio is reduced to a range of about 15: 1 to about 20: 1.
    [0074] The required treatment period may depend on factors such as the initial NPK level and / or the C: N ratio of the organic waste to be treated, the type and concentration of the microorganisms used and the treatment conditions applied in the treatment. process. Typically, the treatment period is at least about 18 hours. Thus, the treatment period can be, for example, from about 18 hours to about 30 hours, about 19 hours to about 30 hours, about 20 hours to about 30 hours, about 21 hours to about 30 hours, about 22 hours to about 30 hours, about 23 hours to about 30 hours, about 24 hours to about 30 hours, about 25 hours to about 30 hours, about 26 hours to about 30 hours, about 27 hours to about 30 hours, about 28 hours to about 30 hours, about 29 hours to about 30 hours, about 18 hours to about 29 hours, about 18 hours to about 28 hours, about 18 hours to about 27 hours, about 18 hours to about 26 hours, about 18 hours to about 25 hours, about 18 hours to about 24 hours, about 18 hours to about 23 hours, about 18 hours to about 22 hours, about 18 hours to about 21 hours, about 18 hours to about 20 hours or about 18 hours to about 19 hours. In one embodiment, the treatment period is about 22 hours. Advantageously, the desired NPK value is about 5 to about 12 and the desired C: N ratio is about 5: 1 to about 30: 1, and these can be achieved in about 18 hours at about 30 hours.
    [0075] When the treatment period is extended, the process may comprise a step of dosing the organic residue with a microorganism solution. The microorganism solution can be one that has been prepared from a microorganism powder, as described above. Advantageously, the dosage promotes the maintenance of the microorganism population during prolonged treatment periods.
    [0076] In one embodiment, the dosage is carried out in a dosage regime of application of a solution of microorganisms to the organic residues of about every 2 hours to about every 5 hours, from about every 3 hours to about each 5 hours, about every 4 hours to about every 5 hours, about every 2 hours to about every 4 hours or about every 2 hours to about every 3 hours. The dosage regimen performed can be determined based on factors such as the treatment load, the type of organic waste to be treated, the concentration of compounds in the organic waste to be degraded or converted, the period of time during which the treatment must be completed and the concentration of microorganisms in the solution.
    [0077] After treating organic waste, the product treated with organic waste is usually allowed to cool for about 2 hours to about 6 hours, from about 3 hours to about 6 hours, from about 4 hours to about 6 hours, about 5 hours to about 6 hours, about 2 hours to about 5 hours, about 2 hours to about 4 hours, about 2 hours to about 3 hours, about from 3 hours to about 5 hours or from about 3 hours to about 4 hours. Cooling can be carried out by spraying air for treated organic waste.
    [0078] The organic waste is then cooled and generally left to age for about 1 day to about 5 days, 2 days to about 5 days, 3 days to about 5 days, 4 days to about 5 days, about 1 day to about 4 days, about 1 day to about 3 days or about 1 day to about 2 days, in order to form an organic fertilizer product before they are packaged. In one embodiment, the cooled organic residue is left to age for 2 days.
    [0079] In one embodiment, an organic fertilizer is provided which comprises an organic residue and a composition as described.
    [0080] In one embodiment, a kit is provided comprising a microorganism composition as defined above, and instructions for contacting the composition with an organic residue in conditions to convert, at least partially, the organic residue into organic fertilizer. The kit may further comprise one or more additives or nutrients, as defined above, to increase the growth of microorganisms in the composition. In one embodiment, one or more microorganism compositions can be provided in a kit.
    [0081] The described process can be carried out in a system, as disclosed herein. The system may comprise agitation means for mixing an organic residue and a composition described in a treatment zone. The stirring means preferably comprise at least two arms located at different heights along the longitudinal axis of the treatment zone, wherein the at least two arms of the stirring means extend radially from the center of the treatment zone. The arms of the stirring means can be of any shape or geometry that ensures that the organic residue and the revealed composition, arranged at the bottom of the treatment zone are well and quickly mixed with the organic residue and the composition disclosed here, arranged at the top of the treatment area. treatment zone, where the mixture can reach the desired temperature, moisture content and levels of aeration. For example, the arms can be curved, rectangular, square, U-shaped, inverted U-shaped, L-shaped, T-shaped, symmetrical, asymmetric, flat, angular, helical, helical or notch shape.
    [0082] The system may also comprise heating means for heating the organic waste in the pre-treatment step to decontaminate or to remove unwanted microorganisms, as described above. The heating means can be from any heat source that is capable of heating the organic waste located in the treatment area. The heating means can comprise one or more electric heating elements or one or more heat exchangers, through which, for example, a heating oil is circulated. The heating means may also include electric or gas heaters or hot air jets, which can be directed specifically at the treatment area. The heating means can also be a source of residual heat, a source of solar heat or a source of geothermal heat. Examples of waste heat sources include flue gases from gas turbines in power plants and incinerators, process gases from chemical and metallurgical operations and waste heat from other industrial processes. Typically, the heating medium is capable of heating the organic waste from about 80 ° C to about 175 ° C, about 90 ° C to about 175 ° C, about 100 ° C to about 175 ° C, about 110 ° C to about 175 ° C, about 120 ° C to about 175 ° C, about 130 ° C to about 175 ° C, about 140 ° C to about 175 ° C, about 150 ° C to about 175 ° C, about 160 ° C to about 175 ° C, about 170 ° C to about 175 ° C, from about 80 ° C to about 170 ° C, about 80 ° C to about 160 ° C, from about 80 ° C to about 150 ° C, from about 80 ° C to about 140 ° C, from about 80 ° C to about 130 ° C, from about 80 ° C to about 120 ° C, about 80 ° C to about 110 ° C, about 80 ° C to about 100 ° C or about 80 0 C to about 90 ° Ç.
    [0083] The system can also comprise a cooling medium to reduce the temperature of the organic waste after the pre-treatment heating step, so as not to kill the microorganisms present in the composition that must be added to the organic waste for the treatment of organic waste. The cooling medium can be a flow of cold nitrogen gas. Typically, the cooling medium is able to reduce the temperature of the organic waste from about 35 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 40 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 45 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 50 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 55 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 60 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 65 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 70 ° C to about 75 ° C, about 35 ° C to about 70 ° C, about 35 ° C to about 65 ° C, about 35 ° C to about 60 ° C, about 35 ° C to about 55 ° C, about 35 ° C to about 50 ° C, about 35 ° C to about 45 ° C or about 35 ° C to about 40 ° C.
    [0084] Each system can also be equipped with a temperature control unit to maintain the treatment zone at the required treatment temperature, humidity control means to maintain the moisture level of the organic waste at a level suitable for the treatment of organic waste, a dryer, typically an air dryer, to dry organic waste before being mixed with microorganisms to remove excess moisture from organic waste and achieve a desirable moisture content; aeration means for aerating the treatment zone during the treatment of organic waste, a control unit for controlling the agitation means, the heating means, the temperature control unit, the humidity control means or the aeration means ; and a mill to reduce organic waste to a suitable particle size. The ground particles can be passed through a sieve, to separate the particles with inadequate sizes while retaining the particles with the desired dimensions. Particles with the desired particle sizes can be stored in an organic waste container before being channeled into the treatment area by a feeder that can be, for example, a conveyor belt.
    [0085] The described process, composition, kit and system can be used for the production of fertilizers from organic waste, to increase the NPK value of an organic fertilizer, reduce the C: N ratio of an organic waste , increase the potassium value of an organic fertilizer, reduce the odor of an organic waste, prevent the loss of nutrients from organic waste or reduce the accumulation of waste. Brief Description of Drawings
    [0086] The attached drawings illustrate a modality presented, and serve to explain the principles of the modality described. It should be understood, however, that the drawings are designed for illustration purposes only and not as a definition of the limits of the invention.
    [0087] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a system for the treatment of organic waste according to a described modality. Detailed Description of Drawings
    [0088] With reference to figure 1, it is represented a modality of the described system. In this embodiment, the system (100) comprises an inlet conveyor belt (102) for transporting an organic waste allocated in a treatment zone (104) through an inlet (106). The treatment zone (104) is placed on a support (107) and is equipped with heating means (108) and stirring means (109). The stirring means (109) have four arms (109a, 109b, 109d and 109c), located at two different heights and extending radially from the longitudinal axis (111) of the treatment zone (104). The agitation means are controlled by a motor (110) and a decelerator (110a). The treatment zone (104) is covered by a cover (112), which is equipped with an exit conveyor belt (116) through the exit (114). A control unit (118) is also connected to the cover (112).
    [0089] Since the organic waste is transported by the outlet conveyor belt (102) to the treatment zone (104) through the inlet (106), the organic waste is heated to about 50 ° C by means of heating (108) and a selected microorganism composition is added. The mixture of organic residues and the microorganism composition are uniformly mixed by the stirring means (109), in which the stirring speed is controlled by a motor (110) and a decelerator (110a). The treatment of the organic residue is allowed to continue for 2 hours. The treated organic waste product is then removed from the treatment zone, after 24 hours, by means of the outlet conveyor belt (116), through the outlet (114). Examples (A) Preparation of the Microorganism Composition
    [0090] 1 L of nutrient broth was prepared by mixing 10 g of glucose, 8 g of yeast extract and 5 g of sodium chloride. The nutrient broth was then inoculated with the selected micro-organisms: Streptomyces pactum, Corynebacterium striatum, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphearieus, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomisilis, Pseudomisilis, Pseudomysilis, Pseudomysilis casei, Lactobacillus planatarum and Lactobacillus fermentus. The nutrient broth inoculated with Streptomyces pactum, Corynebacterium striatum, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sphearieus, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacusus lactato and lactato plantatum 35 with Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bifidobacterium thermophilus was grown at 60 ° C. (B) Analytical Methods NPK Values
    [0091] The standard Kjeldahl method (APHA 4500 Norg B) was used to determine the total nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer. Standard acid digestion of organic fertilizer followed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used to determine the phosphorus and potassium content in the organic fertilizer. Ratio C: N
    [0092] The organic carbon content was determined using the standard ignition loss method (LOI). A sample of the organic residue or organic fertilizer was weighed and its initial weight noted. The sample was then placed in an oven at 350 ° C for 3 hours. The sample was then cooled, weighed again and its final weight noted. The organic carbon content was determined as follows: Organic Carbon% = (Weight loss 4- initial weight) X 100
    [0093] The nitrogen content was determined using the standard Kjeldahl method (APHA 4500 Norg B).
    [0094] The C: N ratio was then determined as follows: C: N ratio =% Organic Carbon:% Nitrogen Example 1 Preparation of organic fertilizer from raw chicken manure
    [0095] Raw chicken manure, dead chicken and chicken feathers were mixed with sawdust, ash, rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, waste generated by the mushroom industry or ears of corn. The initial moisture content of the organic waste mixture was adjusted from 35 to 60% (by weight) for the first 6 hours and re-adjusted to and maintained at 15 to 20% (by weight) thereafter. The mixture was heated to 100 to 150 ° C for the first 2 hours, after which the mixture was cooled to 50 to 65 ° C. The microorganism composition, as prepared above, was added to the mixture.
    [0096] After mixing the mixture and the microorganisms for 2 hours, air was pumped in for 10 minutes, stopped for 20 minutes and re-pumped for another 10 minutes, to maintain an aerobic environment. The process was allowed to run for 22 hours and then cooled. The air was pumped into the mixture for 3 to 4 hours, after which the treated organic waste was left to age for 2 days. The values of NPK and C: N ratios were determined using the analytical methods set out above. Example 1 (a)

    [0097] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 1 (a) was 6.
    [0098] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition in Example 1 (a), before treatment, was 45: 1. This was reduced to 20: 1 after the treatment process for 24 hours. Example 1 (b)

    [0099] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 1 (b) was 9.
    [00100] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 1 (b), before treatment, was 40: 1. This was reduced to 19: 1 after the 24-hour treatment process. Example 1 (c)

    [00101] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 1 (c) was 6.
    [00102] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 1 (c), before treatment, was 50: 1. This was reduced to 22: 1 after the treatment process for 24 hours. Example 1 (d)


    [00103] the NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 1 (d) was 9.
    [00104] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 1 (d), before treatment, was 42: 1. This was reduced to 21: 1 after the 24-hour treatment process. Example 1 (e)

    [00105] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 1 (e) was 9.
    [00106] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 1 (e), before treatment, was 43: 1. This value was reduced to 20: 1 after the 24-hour treatment process. Example 1 (f)

    [00107] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 1 (f) was 9.
    [00108] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 1 (f), before treatment, was 42: 1. This was reduced to 20: 1 after the 24-hour treatment process.
    [00109] As can be seen from the previous examples 1 (a) to 1 (f), the treatment of the organic waste compositions in all Examples 1 (a) to 1 (f) all resulted in high value organic fertilizers of NPK, at least 6. The organic waste compositions of Examples 1 (b), 1 (d), 1 (e) and 1 (f), in particular, resulted in organic fertilizers that have higher NPK values than that 9. Likewise, the initial C: N ratio of the organic waste compositions of Examples 1 (a) to 1 (f) ranging from 40: 1 to 50: 1 all of them were efficiently reduced to 19:01 to 22 : 01 after just 24 hours. Example 2 Preparation of organic EFB fertilizer
    [00110] Threshed particles of EFB of 5 to 10 mm were mixed with chicken feces, dead chickens, goat manure, POME, EFB ash and / or ash. The initial moisture content of the organic waste mixture was adjusted to 35 to 60% (by weight) for the first 6 hours and readjusted to and maintained at 15 to 20% (by weight) thereafter. The mixture was heated to 100 to 150 ° C for the first 2 hours, after which the mixture was cooled to 50 to 65 ° C. The microorganism composition, as prepared above, was added to the mixture.
    [00111] After mixing the mixture and the composition of microorganisms for 2 hours, the air was pumped for 10 minutes, stopped for 20 minutes and again pumped for another 10 minutes, to maintain an aerobic environment. The process was allowed to run for 22 hours and then cooled down. Air was pumped into the mixture for 3 to 4 hours, after which the treated organic waste was left to age for 2 days. NPK values and C: N ratios were determined using the analytical methods set out above. Example 2 (a)

    [00112] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 2 (a) was 6.
    [00113] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 2 (a), before treatment, was 75: 1. This was reduced to 27: 1 after the 24-hour treatment process. Example 2 (b)

    [00114] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 2 (b) was 9.
    [00115] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example Example 2 (b), before treatment, was 70: 1. This was reduced to 25: 1 after the 24-hour treatment process. Example 2 (c)


    [00116] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 2 (c) was 6.
    [00117] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 2 (c), before treatment, was 65: 1. This was reduced to 23:01 after the 24-hour treatment process. Example 2 (d)

    [00118] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 2 (d) was 4.
    [00119] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 2 (d), before treatment, was 85: 1. This was reduced to 30: 1 after the 24-hour treatment process. Example 2 (e)

    [00120] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 2 (e) was 6.
    [00121] The C: N ratio of the composition of the raw material of Example 2 (e), before treatment, was 73: 1. This was reduced to 24: 1 after the 24-hour treatment process. Example 2 (f)

    [00122] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 2 (f), was 7.
    [00123] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 2 (f), before treatment, was 70: 1. This was reduced to 24: 1 after the 24-hour treatment process.
    [00124] As can be seen from the examples above 2 (a) to 2 (f), the composition of the organic residues of Example 2 (a) and Example 2 (f) resulted in organic fertilizers having NPK values among 4 and 9. The composition of the organic waste of Example 2 (b), in particular, resulted in an organic fertilizer with a high NPK value of 9. Likewise, the initial C: N ratio of the organic waste compositions of the Examples 2 (a) to 2 (f), ranging from 65: 1 to 85: 1, were all efficiently reduced to 23:01 to 30: 1, after just 24 hours. Example 3 Preparation of organic fertilizer from food sludge
    [00125] Sludge from food residues and / or materials collected in the obstruction grid of a food processing plant were mixed with rice husks, rice straw, wheat straw, corn cobs, coffee beans husks, EFB of palm oil, green olive pomace, fruit peels, pieces of wood, discarded vegetables, waste generated by the mushroom industry, waste of spent orchids and / or cut flowers. The initial moisture content of the organic waste mixture was adjusted from 35 to 60% (by weight) for the first 6 hours and re-adjusted to and maintained at 15 to 20% (by weight) thereafter. The mixture was heated to 100 to 150 ° C for the first 2 hours, after which the mixture was cooled to 50 to 65 ° C. The microorganism composition, as prepared above, was added to the mixture.
    [00126] After mixing the mixture and the microorganism composition, for 2 hours, air was pumped for 10 minutes, stopped for 20 minutes and again pumped for another 10 minutes, to maintain an aerobic environment. The process was allowed to run for 22 hours and then cooled down. Air was pumped into the mixture for 3 to 4 hours, after which the treated organic waste was left to age for 2 days. NPK values and C: N ratios were determined using the analytical methods set out above. Example 3 (a)

    [00127] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 3 (a) was 6.
    [00128] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 3 (a), before treatment, was 60: 1. This was reduced to 22: 1 after the 24-hour treatment process. Example 3 (b)

    [00129] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 3 (b) was 9.
    [00130] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 3 (b), before treatment, was 50: 1. This was reduced to 19:01 after the 24-hour treatment process. Example 3 (c)

    [00131] The NPK value of the organic fertilizer produced using the raw material composition of Example 3 (c) was 9.
    [00132] The C: N ratio of the raw material composition of Example 3 (c), before treatment, was 45: 1. This was reduced to 18: 1 after the 24-hour treatment process.
    [00133] As can be seen from the examples above 3 (a) to 3 (c), the treatment of organic waste with the compositions of Examples 3 (a) to 3 (c), all resulted in organic fertilizers with high NPK values of at least 6. The organic waste compositions of Examples 3 (b) and 3 (c), in particular, resulted in organic fertilizers that have higher NPK values than 9. Likewise, the initial C: N ratio of the organic waste compositions of Examples 3 (a) to 3 (c), ranging from 45: 1 to 60: 1, were all efficiently reduced to 18: 1 to 22: 1 after just 24 hours. applications
    [00134] Advantageously, the process described for the treatment of organic waste provides an improved process for the production of organic fertilizer. More advantageously, the described process substantially reduces the time required for the production of organic fertilizers that took place after several months, as needed, using conventional composting methods for just one day or several days, using the process, composition and system described. Organic waste with high C: N ratios can be quickly converted to organic fertilizers with reduced C: N ratios after just 24 hours, using the disclosed process, composition and system. This results in a substantial reduction in energy and labor costs.
    [00135] Advantageously, the disclosed process, composition and system substantially reduce, or completely eliminate, bad odors from organic waste and provide an organic fertilizer that is odorless.
    [00136] Advantageously, the process described for the production of organic fertilizer from organic waste results in more effective organic fertilizers with increased NPK values.
    [00137] Advantageously, the disclosed process also provides a solution to the problem of waste disposal through the conversion of organic waste into useful organic fertilizers.
    [00138] It will be apparent that several other modifications and adaptations of the present invention will be evident to a person skilled in the art after reading the description presented here, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended that all these modifications and adaptations are covered within the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    1. Process for the treatment of organic waste characterized by comprising the step of putting an organic waste in contact with one or more microorganisms from each of at least three of the following species of microorganisms: (i) Bacillussp microorganisms . selected from the group consisting of Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphearieus, Bacillus licheniformis; (ii) Pseudomonassp microorganisms. selected from the group consisting of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa; (iii) Bifidobacteriumsp. consisting of Bifidobacterium thermophilus; (iv) Lactobacillussp microorganisms. selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus planatarum and Lactobacillus fermentus, in which said contact is carried out for at least 18 hours to, at least partially, convert said organic waste into organic fertilizer.
    [0002]
    2. Process according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises the step of placing an organic residue in contact with one or more microorganisms of each of the following species: Bacillussp microorganisms, Pseudomonassp microorganisms ., Bifidobacteriumsp. microorganisms. and Lactobacillussp. microorganisms, in which the process optionally further comprises the step of putting an organic residue in contact with one or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of Streptomyces sp. and Corynebacterium sp.
    [0003]
    Process according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the initial moisture content of said organic waste is 25% by weight to 70% by weight.
    [0004]
    4. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that, during the step of making contact, it includes the step of aerating said organic waste.
    [0005]
    Process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that it comprises, during said contacting step, the step of controlling the temperature of the organic waste to 35 ° C to 75 ° C to convert the said organic residue in organic fertilizer, optionally comprising, before said step of making contact, which consists of putting said organic residue in contact with one or more microorganisms of at least three of the following species of microorganisms: microorganisms Bacillussp., Microorganisms Pseudomonas sp., Microorganisms Bifidobacteriumsp. and Lactobacillussp. microorganisms, the step of controlling the temperature of said organic residue to 80 ° C to 175 ° C to remove unwanted microorganisms from said organic residue.
    [0006]
    Process according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the microorganisms of said microorganism composition are one or more microorganisms selected from the group consisting of Streptomyces pactum, Corynebacterium striatum, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphearieus, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa, Bifidobacterium thermophilus, Lactobacillus and Lactobacillum.
    [0007]
    7. Process according to any one of claims 1 to '6, characterized by the fact that organic waste is selected from the group consisting of agricultural waste, food waste, organic waste, mill effluents, waste municipal, sewage, sludge, animal and industrial waste, in which the agricultural waste is optionally selected from the group consisting of palm oil processing residue, olive pomace, corn cob, coffee bean husk, rice husk, rice straw, waste generated by the mushroom industry, palm foliage, palm stem, palm nut shell, palm fiber, farm effluents, slaughterhouse waste, flower cuttings, spent flower waste, wheat straw, fruit residues and vegetable residues, and in which the animal residues are optionally selected from the group consisting of poultry manure, cow manure, goat manure, horse manure, sheep and pig manure.
    [0008]
    Process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the organic waste has a particle size of 1 mm to 20 mm.
    [0009]
    9. Use of one or more microorganisms from each of at least three of the following species of microorganisms: (i) Bacillussp microorganisms. selected from the group consisting of Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphearieus, Bacillus licheniformis; (ü) microorganisms Pseudomonas sp. selected from the group consisting of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa; (iii) Bifidobacteriumsp. consisting of Bifidobacterium thermophilus; and (iv) Lactobacillussp microorganisms. selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus planatarum and Lactobacillus fermentus, characterized by being for the treatment of an organic waste to produce organic fertilizer, increase the NPK value of an organic fertilizer, increase the potassium value of an organic fertilizer, reduce the odor of an organic waste, or preventing the loss of nutrients from organic waste.
    [0010]
    10. Use, according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that said use comprises the use of one or more microorganisms of each of the following species of microorganisms: microorganisms Bacillus sp., Microorganisms Pseudomonassp., Bifidobacteriumsp. and Lactobacillussp microorganisms, and optionally further comprises microorganisms selected from the group consisting of Streptomyces sp. and Corynebacterium sp.
    [0011]
    11. Organic fertilizer characterized by comprising an organic residue and a composition comprising one or more microorganisms from each of at least three of the following species of microorganisms: (i) Bacillussp microorganisms. selected from the group consisting of Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphearieus, Bacillus licheniformis; (ü) microorganisms Pseudomonas sp. selected from the group consisting of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa; (iii) Bifidobacteriumsp. consisting of Bifidobacterium thermophilus; and (iv) Lactobacillussp microorganisms. selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus planatarum and Lactobacillus fermentus, and optionally further comprising microorganisms selected from the group consisting of Streptomyces sp. and Corynebacterium sp.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA2793923A1|2011-09-29|
    JP2013527104A|2013-06-27|
    JP5986983B2|2016-09-06|
    EP2550244A1|2013-01-30|
    CN102985392A|2013-03-20|
    AU2011230001A1|2012-10-18|
    US20130091912A1|2013-04-18|
    EA201270731A8|2014-09-30|
    EA201270731A1|2013-03-29|
    AU2011230001B2|2015-02-05|
    KR20130055564A|2013-05-28|
    MX2012010879A|2013-02-07|
    AU2011230001B9|2015-03-05|
    KR101914556B1|2018-11-02|
    PL2550244T3|2022-01-31|
    GB2478929B|2013-08-14|
    NZ602555A|2014-09-26|
    EP2550244A4|2017-07-19|
    MY187709A|2021-10-13|
    GB201004820D0|2010-05-05|
    CA2793923C|2017-10-31|
    US9932275B2|2018-04-03|
    GB2478929A|2011-09-28|
    BR112012023753A2|2016-08-23|
    US20140318201A1|2014-10-30|
    EA027695B1|2017-08-31|
    SG184157A1|2012-10-30|
    EP2550244B1|2021-09-15|
    CN102985392B|2014-10-01|
    WO2011119112A1|2011-09-29|
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    法律状态:
    2018-04-10| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-02-12| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-08| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-03-03| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-07-07| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 23/03/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB1004820.5|2010-03-23|
    GB201004820A|GB2478929B|2010-03-23|2010-03-23|Treatment of organic waste|
    PCT/SG2011/000113|WO2011119112A1|2010-03-23|2011-03-23|Treatment of organic waste|
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